KwiTshayina yamandulo, intsomi yeNdoda Emdala Yobudenge Ukufuduka Iintaba ibonisa umoya wokuzingisa ngokucotha nangokucothayo.

Xa uluntu lwangena ngenkulungwane ye-18, iNguquko YokuQala YezoShishino yeza kungekuphela nje inguqulelo yobugcisa kodwa nenguqulelo enzulu yentlalo, iqalisa ixesha apho oomatshini baqalisa ukuthabathel’ indawo umsebenzi wezandla. Ukusukela ngoko, ukugrumba amatye kunye neshishini lokwemba liye lahambela phambili ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiindlela ezikhawulezayo, ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye nezisebenzayo. Ngethuba lale nkqubo, iifom ezahlukeneyo zentambo zokudibanisa i-drill rod, kubandakanywa iintambo eziqhelekileyo ze-API kunye neentambo ze-trapezoidal ezenziwe ngamaza, zaphuhliswa.

Imigaqo yokusebenza yale misonto iyahluka, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Ingcaphephe yezobugcisa ephezulu kushishino lokomba iye yaxoxa esidlangalaleni ngemisonto yerola-cone drill rods kunye nehamile ephezulu. Iimbono ezinikiweyo zixabiseke kangangokuba kuthiwa zixabiseke ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi yokufunda.

Iibhithi ze-petroleum roller-cone zisebenza ngokujikeleza kunye nokutyumza ilitye, kunye neentonga ze-drill zisebenzisa iintambo eziqhelekileyo ze-API. Le misonto ithwala kuphela i-axial thrust, amandla e-torsional, kunye nezinye iimpembelelo zempembelelo, ngaphandle kokuhambisa amandla empembelelo kumzimba wentonga. Imicu esemgangathweni ye-API yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukudibanisa, ukukhawuleza, kunye nokutywinwa, okubangela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncinci kunye nokugqithiswa okungafunekiyo.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imisonto ephezulu yehamile isebenzisa imisonto engu-R okanye emile okwe-T. Amandla asuka kwi-hydraulic rock drill ahanjiswa ngentonga ukuya kwindawo yokubhola, ekhokelela kwilahleko enkulu yamandla njengobushushu kuqhagamshelo lwemisonto, kunye namaqondo obushushu anokuba ngaphezulu kwe-400°C. Ukuba iintambo ezisemgangathweni ze-API zisetyenziselwe izibonda eziphezulu zehamile, aziyi kuphumelela kuphela ekuhanjisweni kwamandla, kodwa zinokuthi zihlupheke ngenxa yokukhukuliseka, okwenza ukuba ii-drill rods zibe nzima ukuqhaqha kwaye zichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa kunye nokunyusa iindleko.

Kwiminyaka ye-1970 kunye ne-80s, uphando olubanzi lwenziwa ziingcali zangaphandle kwimicu esetyenziswe kwiintonga eziphezulu ze-hammer drill, ngokuqwalasela i-wave-shaped, i-composite, i-reverse serrated, i-FL, kunye ne-trapezoidal threads. Kwagqitywa ukuba imicu emise okwe-wave ifanelekile kwiintonga ezinobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-38 mm, ngelixa iintambo ze-trapezoidal zifanelekile kwiintonga ezinobubanzi phakathi kwe-38 mm kunye ne-51 mm.

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, kunye nokwanda kwedayamitha yeebhithi zehamile eziphezulu kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwamandla eengcambu zentambo, iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokomba ziye zazisa iindidi zemisonto emitsha efana ne-SR, ST, kunye ne-GT ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso.

Isishwankathelo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokomba yamatye, ukudityaniswa kwentambo kwimibhobho ephezulu yehamile yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neyona nto iphambili ekungaphumeleni kwentonga yokubhola kwangoko.

Njengoko iBuddhism ifundisa, "imvelaphi exhomekeke kuyo ayinanto, kwaye umntu akufanele abambelele kuyo nayiphi na indlela." Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwisayensi kunye nethekhnoloji, kufanelekile ukucamngca ukuba ingaba iifom zemisonto ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zezona zisombululo zilungileyo nezigqibeleleyo zoqhagamshelo kushishino lokomba olwenziwa ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.