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Ku saabsan garoonka qalabka qodista dhagaxa
Shiinaha qadiimka ah, sheekadii Odaygii Doqonka ahaa ee Guurayay Buuraha waxa ay tusinaysaa ruuxa adkaysiga ah ee dulqaadka iyada oo loo marayo dadaal gaabis ah oo joogto ah.
Markii aadamigu soo galay qarnigii 18-aad, Kacaankii Warshadaha ee ugu horreeyay ma keenin oo keliya isbeddel tignoolajiyadeed ee waxa kale oo uu keenay isbeddel bulsho oo qotodheer, isaga oo keenay xilli ay mishiinadu bilaabeen in ay beddelaan shaqada gacanta. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay, qodista dhagaxa iyo warshadaha qodista ayaa si degdeg ah ugu hormaray dhanka dhaqsaha badan, waara, iyo habab hufan. Inta lagu jiro nidaamkan, qaabab kala duwan oo dun ah oo loogu talagalay isku xirka usha daloolka, oo ay ku jiraan dunta caadiga ah ee API iyo dunta mawjada qaabaysan ee trapezoidal, ayaa la sameeyay.
Mabaadi'da hawlgalka ee duntu way kala duwan yihiin, taasoo keenaysa shuruudo kala duwan. Khabiir sare oo dhinaca farsamada ah oo ka tirsan warshadaha qodista ayaa si fagaare ah ugala hadlay xadhkaha xadhkaha goosashada ee rullalullaalka iyo ulaha daloolista dubbaha sare. Fikradaha la soo bandhigay ayaa ah kuwo aad u qiimo badan oo lagu sheegay inay qiimo badan yihiin in ka badan toban sano oo daraasad ah.
Gawaarida roller-cone-ka batroolka waxay ku shaqeeyaan iyagoo rogrogaya oo jejebiya dhagaxa, oo leh ulo-ulaha laydhka iyagoo isticmaalaya dunta caadiga ah ee API. Duubyadani waxay wataan kaliya riixa axial, xoogaga torsional, iyo xoogag saameyn leh, iyaga oo aan u gudbin tamar saameynta jirka usha. Xadhkaha caadiga ah ee API waxa loogu talagalay isku xidhka, xidhidhiyaha, iyo xidhidhiyaha, taas oo keenta isticmaalka tamarta ugu yar iyo kulaylka dayacan.
Taa bedelkeeda, ulaha laydhka dubbaha sare waxay caadi ahaan isticmaalaan dunta R-qaabeeya ama T-qaabeeya. Tamarta ka timaadda laydhka dhagaxa hadhidarooliga waxa lagu kala qaadaa usha ilaa qaybta laydhka, taas oo keenaysa tamar lumin weyn sida kulaylka isku xirka dunta, iyada oo heerkulku uu ka badan karo 400°C. Haddii dunta caadiga ah ee API loo isticmaalo ulaha dubbaha sare, ma aha oo kaliya inay ku filnaan lahaayeen gudbinta tamarta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay la kulmi karaan nabaad guurka, taasoo ka dhigaysa ulaha laydhka inay adag tahay in la kala diro oo si ba'an u saameeya waxtarka dhismaha iyo kordhinta kharashka.
Sannadihii 1970-meeyadii iyo 80-meeyadii, cilmi-baaris ballaaran oo ay sameeyeen khubaro ajnabi ah oo ku saabsan dunta loo isticmaalo ulo-u-dubbada sare, iyaga oo tixgelinaya mawjada-qaabeeya, isku-dhafka, dib-u-celinta, FL, iyo dunta trapezoidal. Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dunta mawjada u eg ay ku habboon yihiin ulaha dhexroorkoodu ka hooseeyaan 38 mm, halka dunta trapezoidal ay aad ugu habboon yihiin ulaha leh dhexroor u dhexeeya 38 mm iyo 51 mm.
Qarnigii 21aad, iyada oo dhexroorka sii kordhaya ee biraha dubbaha sare iyo tixgelinta xoogga xididka dunta, shirkadaha kala duwan ee qalabka qodista ayaa soo bandhigay noocyo cusub oo dun ah sida SR, ST, iyo GT iyada oo loo marayo cilmi-baaris joogto ah iyo horumarin.
Marka la soo koobo, inta lagu guda jiro geeddi-socodka qodista dhagaxa, isku xirka dunta dunta sare ee biraha dubbaha sare waa mid ka mid ah meelaha aasaasiga ah ee isticmaalka tamarta iyo qodobka ugu weyn ee fashilka usha hore ee qodista.
Sida Budhiismku wax u baro, "asalka ku tiirsanaanta waa faaruq, midna waa inuusan ku dhejin hab kasta." Horumarka socda ee sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada, waxaa mudan in laga fikiro in foomamka dunta hadda la isticmaalo ay yihiin xalka ugu fiican uguna dambeeya ee isku xirka warshadaha qodista biyo-biyoodka.
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